See below for sample references entries for Books, Periodicals, Online Sources, and AI.
Author’s last name, initial(s). (Year of publication). Title of book in italics. Publisher.
Book with One Author:
Macdonald, H. (2014). H is for hawk. Grove Press.
In-text citation: (Macdonald, 2014).
Book with Two Authors:
Owens, M., & Owens, D. (1984). Cry of the Kalahari. Houghton Mifflin.
In-text citation: (Owens & Owens, 1984).
Book with Three to Twenty Authors:
Dunne, P., Sibley, D., & Sutton, C. (2012). Hawks in flight: The flight identification of North American raptors. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
In-text citation: (Dunne et al., 2012).
Book with an Editor:
Jung, C. G. (1953). The collected works of C. G. Jung (H. Read, M. Fordham, & G. Adler, Eds., Vol. 1). Pantheon Books.
Chapter or Article in a Book or Entry from a Reference Book:
Storck, T. (1997). Censorship can be beneficial. In B. L. Stay (Ed.), Censorship: Opposing viewpoints (pp. 17-24). Greenhaven Press.
Electronic Version of a Print Book:
Huxley, T. H. (2005) The advance of science in the last half-century. D. Appleton and Company. http://www.gutenberg.org/files/15253/15253-h/15253-h.htm (Original work published 1889).
Author’s last name, First Initial., Middle Initial. (Publication date). Title of article. Title of Magazine or Journal, volume number(issue number), page numbers.
Journal Article in Print: (Include a DOI beginning with https://doi.org/ when available)
Merskey, H. (1996). Ethical issues in the search for repressed memories. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 50(3), 323-335.
Journal Article from an Academic Database: (Include a DOI beginning with https://doi.org/ when available; do not include a URL)
Ablon, J. (1971). The social organization of an urban Samoan community. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology, 27(1), 75-96. https://doi.org/10.1086/soutjanth.27.1.3629186
Journal Article Online: (Include a DOI beginning with https://doi.org/when available; otherwise include a URL formatted as a hyperlink)
Bregant, J. (2014). Critical thinking in education: Why to avoid logical fallacies? Problems of Education in the 21st Century, 61, 18-27. http://www.scientiasocialis.lt/pec/files/pdf/vol61/18-27.Bregant_Vol.61.pdf
Magazine Article in Print:
Yeager, A. (2015, August 22). Maestros of learning and memory. Science News, 188(4), 18-21.
Magazine or Newspaper Article Online:
Olsen, P. (2017, September 4). 5 things to know about oil changes for your car. Consumer Reports. https://www.consumerreports.org/car-maintenance/things-to-know-about-oil-changes-for-your-car/
Natanson, H. (2019, September 6). Forget what you may have been told. New study says strangers step in to help 90 percent of the The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/2019/09/06/high-level-help-was-surprising-new-study-says-strangers-step-help-percent-time/
Webpage:
Author’s Last Name, Initial. (year, month day). Title of document. Name of Website. URL formatted as a hyperlink
Munger, M. (2019, November 4). Starbucks too has surge pricing. American Institute for Economic Research. https://www.aier.org/article/starbucks-too-has-surge-pricing/
Webpage with No Author Named:
Guideline for online shopping. (2018). Shop Online. https://shoponline.support/online-shopping-guide
In-text citation: (Guideline for Online Shopping, 2018).
Webpage with Site Name Used as Author’s Name:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019, January 24). Tuberculosis (TB) disease: Symptoms and risk factors. https://www.cdc.gov/features/tbsymptoms/index.html
YouTube Video:
Screen name. (year, month day). Title of video [Video]. YouTube. URL formatted as a hyperlink
Expert Vagabond. (2016, March 9). Mayan ruins of Coba – Mexico [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cMf_WpepQP0
Dictionary or Encyclopedia: (Include retrieval date if source is continuously updated)
Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. Retrieved February 13, 2020, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/
Tweet:
Author. (year, month day). Up to the first 20 words of the post [Audiovisuals if present] [Tweet]. Twitter. url
The Colourblind Guy [@Osariik]. (2020, November 9). The magma chamber of the Yellowstone volcano is believed by scientists to be crystallized
[Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/osariik/status/1325796660346195968
Facebook Post:
Author. (year, month day). Title of post [Audiovisuals if present]. Facebook. url
US Forest Service. (2020, November 10). Mullen fire information [Image attached] [Status update]. Facebook. https://Facebook.com/MullenFire/
Online Forum Post:
Author. (year, month day). Title of post [Online forum post]. Name of Site. url
Moneypenny, M. (2019, October 28). How do you identify a scam or phishing email message? [Online forum post]. Quora. https://Quora.com/How-can-I-identify-phishing-Emails
Notes on using AI:
AI References Entry:
Company responsible for the AI tool. (year of version). Name of the AI Tool (date of version) [other information about the AI tool]. URL of AI tool
OpenAI. (2023). ChatGPT (Mar 14 version) [Large language model]. https://chat.openai.com/chat
AI In-text Citation:
When asked to summarize David Hume’s philosophy regarding inductive reasoning, ChatGPT indicated that Hume denied the validity of induction (OpenAI, 2023). According to OpenAI (2023), Hume believed that there is no rational basis for expecting future events to replicate past events.