MLA Style is the format used by the Modern Language Association. Most papers written for classes in the arts and humanities use MLA style; instructors in other disciplines may also prefer MLA format.
For additional information on MLA Style, consult
Books
Author’s last name, First name. Title of Book in Italics. Publisher, year.
Book with One Author:
Macdonald, Helen. H Is for Hawk. Grove Press, 2014.
In-text citation: (Macdonald 27).
Book with Two Authors:
Stevenson, Robert Louis, and Lloyd Osbourne. The Wrong Box. Oxford UP, 1995.
In-text citation: (Stevenson and Osbourne 63).
Book with Three or More Authors:
Dunne, Peter, et al. Hawks in Flight: The Flight Identification of North American Raptors. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2012.
In-text citation: (Dunne et al.13).
Book in a Multi-Volume Set
Jowett, Benjamin. The Epistles of St. Paul to the Thessalonians, Galatians, Romans: With Critical Notes and Dissertations. Vol. 2, John Murray, 1855.
Chapter or Article in a Book or Entry from a Reference Book:
Storck, Thomas. “Censorship Can Be Beneficial.” Censorship: Opposing Viewpoints, edited by Byron L. Stay, Greenhaven, 1997, pp. 17-24.
Electronic Version of a Print Book:
Huxley, T. H. The Advance of Science in the Last Half-Century. D. Appleton, 1889. Project Gutenberg,
www.gutenberg.org/files/15253/15253-h/15253-h.htm.
Periodicals
Author’s last name, First Name. “Title of Article.” Title of Magazine or Journal, volume number, issue number, publication date, page range.
Journal Article in Print:
Merskey, Harold. “Ethical Issues in the Search for Repressed Memories.” American Journal of Psychotherapy, vol. 50, no. 3, summer 1996,
pp. 323-35.
Journal Article from an Academic Database: (Include a DOI when available; include a URL if no DOI is available)
Ablon, Joan. “The Social Organization of an Urban Samoan Community.” Southwestern Journal of Anthropology, vol. 27, no. 1, spring 1971, pp. 75-99.
JSTOR, www.jstor.org/ stable/3629186.
Journal Article Online: (Include a DOI when available; otherwise include a URL)
Bregant, Janez. "Critical Thinking in Education: Why to Avoid Logical Fallacies?" Problems of Education in the 21st Century, vol. 61, 2014, pp. 18-27.
Scientia Socialis, www.scientiasocialis.lt/pec/files/pdf/vol61/18-27.Bregant_Vol.61.pdf.
Magazine Article in Print:
Yeager, Ashley. “Maestros of Learning and Memory.” Science News, vol. 188, no. 4, 22 Aug. 2015, pp. 18-21.
Magazine Article Online:
Olsen, Patrick. Five Things to Know about Oil Changes for Your Car. Consumer Reports, 4 Sept. 2017,
www.consumerreports.org/car-maintenance/things-to-know-about-oil-changes-for-your-car/.
Newspaper Article Online:
Natanson, Hannah. "Forget What You May Have Been Told. New Study Says Strangers Step in to Help 90 Percent of the Time." The Washington Post,
6 Sept. 2019, www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/2019/09/06/high-level-help-was-surprising-new-study-says-strangers-step-help-percent-time/.
Online Sources
Webpage:
Author’s Last Name, First Name. “Title of Document.” Name of Website, Publisher (if different), date, URL.
Klingelhofer, Eric. “What Happened to the Lost Colony of Roanoke Island?” HistoryExtra, Immediate Media, 2020,
www.historyextra.com/period/tudor/what-happened-to-the-lost-colony-of-roanoke-island/.
Webpage with Publisher Used as Site Name:
Munger, Michael. “Starbucks Too Has Surge Pricing.” American Institute for Economic Research, 4 Nov. 2019,
www.aier.org/article/starbucks-too-has-surge-pricing/.
Webpage with No Author Named: (Do not use the publishing organization for the author)
“Online Safety Basics: Online Shopping.” StaySafeOnline, National Cyber Security Alliance, 2020,
staysafeonline.org/stay-safe-online/online-safety-basics/online-shopping/.
In-text citation: (“Online Safety”).
Website with No Date:
"Louis Pasteur." Science Museum Group, collection.sciencemuseumgroup.org.uk/ people/cp78620/louis-pasteur. Accessed 1 May 2020.
YouTube Video:
Title of Video. YouTube, uploaded by Screen Name, date, url.
Mayan Ruins of Coba—Mexico. YouTube, uploaded by Expert Vagabond, 9 Mar. 2016, www.youtube.com/watch?v=cMf_WpepQP0.
Dictionary or Encyclopedia:
"Capital." Dictionary.com, 2020, www.dictionary.com/browse/capital?s=t.
In-text citation: ("Capital," def. 8)
Content from AI Tools
Notes on using AI:
Citation format:
"Prompt used." Name of AI Tool, date of version, Company/Creator of the tool, date content was generated, URL of the AI tool.
"Summarize David Hume's philosophy regarding inductive reasoning" prompt. ChatGPT, 13 Feb. version, OpenAI, 2 June 2023, chat.openai.com/chat.
In-text citation: ("Summarize David Hume's philosophy"}